Internal-combustion engine



L. ATWOOD.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION man AUG.27.1920. RENEWED MAY b.1922.

2SHEETS--SHEE1 1.

Fi l

r NW 26 ITUVQWG LQUmaTJ L. ATWOOD.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.27,1920- RENEWED MAY 5.1922.

Patented Dec. 12, 1922.

Figij IiIII/ Ir Patented Dec. l2,

outrun LEONARDATYVOGD, OF BOSTGN, MASSAGHUSETTS.

Application filed August To all whom it may Be it known that INTERNAli-CONIEUSTION ENGINE.

l, LEONARD A'rwoon,

a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and Commonwealth of M vented certain new ments in internal-Co which the following is 3.

act specification.

ass-achusctts, have inand useful. improvembustion Engines, of

full, clear, and e My invention relates especially to inter nal combustion engines of the two-cycle type, but may be applied to three cycle or four cycle engines. a the effecting of novel liquid fuel thereto;

lubricating the cylinder nd has for its object means for delivering to a new method of g to improve mians for packing the piston against leakage, and to general improvements in details ot construction hereinafter set forth.

In carrying out these important improve ments, 1 omit the packing rings customarily applied about the piston,

and introduce packing rings into the cylinder instead at points close above the lower end of the pistonwhen the latter is at the upper extremity of its stroke.

Further, the liquid fuel which is preferably low grade oil, 1s forced through the wall of the cylinder in the vicinity of these packing rings, and the section of the cylinder above these rings bein larger in diameter than the piston,

this 011 attachesto the rising the piston and is car influence of the hot where 1t 18 exploded drives the piston down again.

surface of ried upward into the combustion chamber, by the hot walls and The cylinder is lubricated by the splashing of oil in the crank ease, the excess on outer surface being removed ring.

of the inner combustion chamber. is an elevation of the combustion chamber.

the pistons by a wiping In the drawings forming part of this Fig. 1 is accntral sectional internal combustion engine with my invention. section on the dotted Fig. 3 is an elevation Fig. 41 is an elevation Fig. 5 outer jacketof the Fig. 6 is an elevation of the lower section of the cylinder. Fig.

T is a sectional detail of the packing rings, ing means.

As shown in Fig.

view on a larger scale showing the .01] teeth 1, the piston 1 is of 537, 1920, Serial 1%. 4.06330. Ji-tcnewed Tliiay to be operatively connected with the crank shaft 2 by a pitman in the customary man ner engaginpthe crank 25, the latter being located in the crank case 4. The cylinder comprises three sections, the lower section 5 being attached to the crank case a, the outer shell 6 being attached to the section 5. and the inner section or combustion chaniher I being introduced within and attached to the shell 6.

For heating the combustion chamber I sutiiciently to ignite the charge for the initial operation of the engine, an annular space 9 is formed between this chamber and the shell b, into which space the tlarnc from a torch can be thrown through the inlet 10 and thence through said space to the exit 11. To make sure that the heat shall strike through to the upper portion ot the C(m'llHlStlOn chamber in order to make that part the source of ignition, l. thin the wall thereat, making preferably three diii'erent steps and degrees of thickness, l2, l3 and lt should be observed that the bore of the combustion chamber 7 is larger than the diarncter of the piston and that. the piston is not provided with packing rings. .()n the contrary, it is the combustion chamber which is thus made to prevent the passage oi the exploding gases, intcriorly pressing rings .15, 16 being inserted within. an annular space at the lower end of the chamber 7'. These rings are held in place by or retaining annulus 17 secured in place against the end oi the chamber by suitable screws 19, and are provided with a brass circular wall 20 pressed radially inward by screws 21, as shown in Fig. l".

Preferably the central ring 16"is formed with a groove 22 adjacent the brass wall 20 and extending "for its entire periphery, and either this or the lower ring 15 is notched as at to enable the heavy fuel oil to pass t'rom the supply pipe 24: through the hole 25 to the groove 22, and thence to the surfaces of the rings adjacentto the piston. Here,

the oil issuing in minute quantities from between the rings, is wiped therefrom by from the chamber head 26.

acted upon both by the heat of the piston and especially by the heat of the chamber 7, this film of oil adhering by its viscosity to the entire surface of the piston 18 instantly vaporized, and when the piston reaches the end of its up-stroke, the joint compression and heat ignites the charge and forces the piston downward. I

When the piston reaches the end of 1ts down stroke, which is the position illustrated in Fig. 1, its upper end does not sink below the uppermost ring 15, but several. longitudinally disposed channels 27 which are formed in the upper section of the piston provide the means for the dis-. charge of the exhaust gases to the annular space 28 between the adjacent ends of the combustion chamber 7 and the cylinder section 5, and thence through the exhaust pipe 29. Simultaneously therewith a blast of air enters from the opposite side, being conveyed through a pipe 30 from within the crank case i where the air is compressed by the dcscent'of the piston. By means of this inrush of air, the exhaust gases are practihill cally all expelled from the combustion chamber and the latter filled with the oxygen required for the proper intermixture with the oil-vapor to give perfect combustion.

When the piston rises under the inertia of its fly-wheel, a supply of fresh air is drawn in through the intake valve 31.

In addition to the oil in the crank case, I prefer to provide another supply for the lubrication of the piston at a point substantially n'iidway of the he ht of the cylindersection 5, such as the oil cup 32 connected with the cylinder by a. pipe Hence by means of one or both. the piston is thoroughly lubricated. a groove 34- near the lower end of the piston aiding in carrying the oil up to the wiping ring 35 which. by its clasping pressure about the piston keeps any excess of oil from where it can be reached by the exhaust.

What I claim is:

1. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylindrical combustion .chamber, an elongated piston loosely fitting the same and reciprocative therein, and an exhaust passage below the lower end of said combustion chamber, and packing rings carried by said chamber close above its lower end in contact with said piston. the bottom stroke of said piston presenting its top surface slightly above said packing rings, and said piston having a plurality of channels de scending from its top surface to communipassing to a point film of fuel oil essee? cats with said exhaust passage when in its lowest position.

2. An internal combustion engine comprising two cylinders of substantially equal interior diameters secured in alinement with a space bet-ween for the escape of the exhaust, the upper cylinder having a head and I being the combustion chamber, a piston reciprocative in said cylinders, th'upper cylinder having means for the admission of fuel oil just above its lower end, means for lubricating said piston when in the lower.

cylinder and attached thereto and to the second cylinder, and a piston fitting loosely in the first cylinder and fitting gas-tight in the second cylinder and reciprocative therein.

4. An internal combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber. a shell surrounding the same and partially spaced therefrom to form an annular heaterspace.

an inlet to said space and an outlet therefrom diametrically opposite to the inlet to permit flame entering said inlet to traverse entirely about the combustion chamber to said outlet. a piston reciprocative in said combustion chamber. and means for applying a film of fuel oil to the surface of said piston as it rises in said combustion chamher.

5. An internal combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber having its cylindrical wall a shell surrounding said chamber and having openings to permit flame to circulate through the space formed between said thin portion and said shell, a piston reciprocative in said chamber. and means for applying a to the surfaceof said piston as it rises into said chamber.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing inventionl have hereunto set my hand this 11th day of August, 1920.

LEONARD AIWOOD.

thinnest near its upper part. 

